Normally, after upgrading xwiki and loading the page for the first time, the updater will run and update all the extensions.
This time, it didn’t and I was left with a wiki lots of incompatible extensions and nothing was really accessible.
Fortunately, I had a page open to the extension updater, so I could run the updater from there. So far, the manual update seems to be working (it’s still running and figuring out what to do), so hopefully this is a non-issue.
I have no idea why the extension updater didn’t run. That’s the first time I’ve seen that happen.